Oil burner



D. CASWELL OIL BURNER Aug.. 16,1927.

Filed 11111-611 v. 1921 2 sheets-sheet 1 Aug.16,1927. 1,639,426

- p. cAswELL OIL BURNER I Filed March v. 1927 2 sheets-sheet 2 Patented Aug. 16, 1927.

UNITED STATES -noMINIcK casWELL,- or wA-TBTQWM NEW YORK.

OIL BURNER'. v

VThis invention relates to anl oil burner,

` designed particularly for use in connection with house furnaces, stoves, steam generators, and other cooking and heating ap-y pliances, and has for its object to provide a Y simplilied type` ofliquidl fuel burner, which may be readily and quickly applied to the fire-grate of an ordinary heating apparatus, and which operates by gravity feed, and4 burns lthe fuelwithout any waste or odor.v A particular v'object of the invention is to provide a novel construction and arrangementof the combustion chamber of' the burner, 'whereby the objectionable noise is eliminated,v and whereby all danger of accumulation of soot 'or burnt carbon, which impairs the operation of this type of burner in common use, is entirely obviated. A further object isvto provide a novel fresh air manifold-which discharges the air directly above and concentric to thefuel nozzle or jet, the discharge end of sai-d manifold being so positioned relativelyl to the plane of combustion as to4 preheatthe air before it enters the combustion chamber. A further object ,y is to provide a-novel fuel nozzle, which is arranged to spread the' flame as it rises'in all directions radially, the said nozzle also being arranged to similarly spread the'de-` scendingair in al ymanner to effect a union of said elements about midway between ends of the nozzle. A further object is to provide means for effectinga slight continuous feed ofthe liquidfuel, for maintaining a constant pilot flame, while the 'burner is normally shut-olf, th e said' nozzle being equipped with a valve which opens bythe pressure of the fueljvhen` theburner is being operated at full capacity,l the .saidI valve closingy 4by gravi-ty when vthe feed of the fuel is Yreduced y byfa thermostaaforY other control;

. The various features and parts of the invention'will? be understood from the detailed description which follows, and by references toA thev accompanying drawings, in which lig'ure '11 is atop jvpl'an view of the conipleteburner.` Fig.; 2 is a .side elevation of the same; c Iig". 3 Aisacentral vertical'longitudinal sectifon, ltaken kon line 3e-3 of Fig. 1, showing the fuel valve inl position for effecting the minimum.. feed of the fuel to the vcombustion chamber. Fig; 4 is va'. reduced top. planV view,` of the base of the burn'er. -Fig5,is a side elevation of the same, showing the means for supporting the burner., Fig. jis va reduced side elevation "'Appneatioa mea March 7,

1927. serial No. 173,393.

ofthe manifold and the integral'lhopper-like heat deflector. And Fig. 7 is a view showinga number 'of interfitti'ng deiiecting members' that are disposed between the base and'- ther manifold, the top and bottom rings in said view being, interchangeable for'lvaryingthe capacity ofthe burner.

Inthe drawings,2represents a hollow pan-like base, preferably circular, and having its top formed with a yprojecting annular flange 2'. Atv one. side of the body 2 a flange portion 2a extends handle-like beyond the body, the said extension being perforated. AtA intervalsfaround the top Vof thebase 2 integral lugs or ears, as 3, project laterally. These lugs are, preferably formed with threaded sockets 3', to receive. the top ends of legs or feet 3a, by which the burner may be supportedl upon a grate or other part. rllhe bottom of the base 2 is formed with a central threaded opening 2b, in which may be' inserted afuel pipe 4, inside thf` base the perforation 2bis surrounded by a concentric boss 2, 'and a number of concentric shallow depressions or grooves as 2d, the lattervbeing provided for distributing and retaining the liquid. fuel during the operation of the burner. The fuel Suppliedby pipe 4 discharges directly into a nozzle 5, which is bored out axially for providing a passage 5 for the fuel, the bottom end of said nozzle being threaded forattachment to the :pipe 4. The nozzle 5 is preferably conical, being shaped like a spinning top, whose narrow bottom seats upon the boss 2C. The fuel delivered4 to the nozzle wellsv upwardly in the passage 5', and incase the feed of the fuel is of suflicient volume, the oil overflows the top end of the nozzleV and gravitatestoward the smaller groove 2d. The topend of the fuel passage 5 is preferablynormally closed Vby a valve 6, which consists of a cylindrical quantities of the liquid fuel downwardly into v the nearest circular depression 2d. The ducts 5fL are preferably relatively small and are employed mainly for supplying the small amount of fuel necessary to maintain a pilot llame, withinthe combustion chamber, whenv 1 the manifold.

the furnace is being operated at its lowest capacity, or when the fuel regulator (not shown) shuts down the burner, at which times the pressure of the fuel is less than is required to lift the valve 6. In practice,

when the burner is being operated a fullv capacity, the valve 6 opens and closes at varying intervals owing to whether or not the feedof the oil is constant. This pulsating action of the valve prevents a continuous flow of the oil, which in a short time would effect the flooding of the pan 2, and interfere with the proper gasifying and combustion of the fuel. In other words, such flooding would tend to effect afdirty fire, that would give oft' considerable unconsumed carbon, impair the efficiency of the burner and waste the fuel.

`7 represents the airmanifold, which comprises a single arched pipe or tube, the receiving end of which is provided with a flange 7 that rests upon the extension 2, to which the manifold may be secured by bolts 7a; Ordinarily the manifold retains its position without the bolts. Below the flange 2 is connected a cold air conduit 8, which may conduct the air from out-of-doors, or from the room where the burner is located. 'lhe discharge end 7" of the manifold is preferably positioned concentrieally above the nozzle 5 (see Fig. 3), and this end is preferably formed with radial ba-fHes or Awalls 7C (see Figs. l and 3), which tend to break up the volume of the air into a number of streams and obviate the tendency7 of the main stream to discharge at one side of The discharge end 7b is usually disposed some distance above the top of the nozzle 5, and preferably above the plane of the flange 2 of the base, so as to provide suitable combustion space, as indicated at A, in Fig. 3. The manifold 7 is formed with a hollow inverted conical heat deflector 7d, which may be cast with the tubular portion 7, and by means of which the heat rising from the combustion chamber il is-deflected and spread Ain a well-known manner. The conical deflector 7d preferably surrounds the free end of the manifold 7 and tends to preheat the air before it reaches the chamber A. In order to properly control the combustion and the disposition of the heat, I provide a. number of ring-like dellecting members, as 9 and l0: The ring 9 is substantially flat and adapted to rest upon theflange 2 of the base and has an annular depending portion 9 which fits into the open top of the base, the said portion preferably being formed with an upward and inward tapering or deflecting surface 9, which directs the products of combustion towards the plane of the top of said ring and towards the manifold. The ring l0 is mounted upon the ring 9, and is detachablv secured thereto by means of dowels 10 (see Figs. 3 and 7). This ring has sheer opening substantially the diameter of the opening in the ring 9, and is formed with an upward 4Vand outward tape-ring surface l0, which substantially parallels the taper cf the conical deflector 7d. This provides an annu'lar discharge opening B of suflicient capacity to supply suit-able heat for a. furnace or other apparatus. l0C represents a similar. ring which may be substituted for the ring l0, in which they opening 10d for the escape of the products of combustion fromA theV chamber" A is considerably re-V duced.V The ring 10 may be substituted for the ring lOin case it is desired to reduce the capacity of the burner.

Obviously my burn-er may independent-ly of a furnace like any of the portable oil burners for heating one or more rooms.

The bottom of the base 2 is formed with a number of radial baffle ribs as 12, vwhich prevent circular or whirling currents inthe combustion chamber A. In ease of accidental flooding of the base 2, the surplus fuel may-escape througlra port 13 (see Fig. 3). Y

be employed In practice the nozzle 5 becomes hot and y when the fuel feeding and regulating parts are properly adjusted, the fuel becomes converted into gas, and very little of the Vliquid reaches the collecting grooves 2d.

Having thus described my invention, what l. An oil burner comprising a base having a normally open top, an air conduit supported bv the base, its free end disposed above and adapted to' discharge the air controlling the flow of the oil fromv said passa e 2. in -oil burner comprising a hollow base having an open top formed with a radial arm, the bottom of said base having an opening to admit an o'il pipe, a nozzle'mounted on said pipe inside of the base, said nozzle being double cone-shaped and having a passage aligning with the bore of said pipe, said nozzle having radial ports that direct small jet-s of the oil downwardly towards the bottom of the base, a gravitative valve controlling the flow of the oil from said passage, an air conduit supported by said arm and extending inwardly and discharging the air downwardly towards said nozzle, said conduit being formed with an inverted coneshaped heat deflecting ring disposed between the conduitand the base and cooperating with the inverted conical deflector for spreading the heat rising from the base.

3. An oil burner comprising a hollow base having a normally open top and a central opening in its bottom to admit an oil pipe, a mixing member supported by the bottom of the base and being rigid with said pipe, a valve controlling the flow of the oil from the top of the said mixer, said mixer formed with radial ports that discharge small jets of oil towards the bottom of the base, an annular member partially closing the top of said base formed with oppositely facing angular deliecting surfaces, and an air conduit supported at one side of the base and arching the adjacent portion of the base'and said annular member, the free end of said conduit disposed above and concentric to the mixer and said annular member and discharging the airI downwardly towards the mixer, said conduit being formed with an inverted conical delecting portion arranged concentric to the annular member to provide an annular outlet for the products of combustion generated within. said base.

4. An oil burner comprising a hollow base having an open top and a closed bottom, and having a radial arm, an oil pipe disposed centrally in the bottom of the base, a fuel nozzle mounted on said pipe having a passage to discharge the oil upwardly towards the top of the base, a gravitative valve controlling the discharge of the oil from said nozzle while the burner is operating, said nozzle being formed with small oil ports for maintaining a pilot flame when the burner is shut down, an air conduit supported by said arm and arching the adjacent portion of the base, the free end of the said conduit being disposed above and concentric to the nozzle, said conduit being formed with a conical deflector partially closing the top of the base and having iaring walls cooperating with said nozzle for spreading products of combustion rising from said base.

5. An oil burner comprising a circular hollow body having an open top and a closed bottom and having an arm in the plane of said top, an annular member partially closing the top of the body, said member being formed with oppositely facing angular dellecting surfaces that control heat rising from the body, an air conduit supported by said arm and arching the adjacent portion of the body, the free end of said conduit disposed above and concentric to said annular member and arranged to discharge the air downwardly towards the center of the base, an oil pipe piercing the bottom of the body concentric to the free end of the conduit, a conical mixing member supported by said pipe and Vrigid with the bottom of the pipe, said mixing member having an oil passage aligning with the bore of the pipe and having a plurality of radialports to discharge small jets of oil for maintaining a pilot flamewhen the burner is shut down, and a gravitative valve controlling the discharge gf the oil from the top of said mixing mem- 6. An oil burner comprising a hollow circular base having an open top and a closed bottom, the latter having a central opening yto admit an oil pipe, a double cone-shape mixing member mounted on said pipe at the bottom of the base, said member having a vertical oil passage, and having radial ports tapping said passage for directing small jets of the oil towards the bottom of the base, a gravitative valve normally closing the upper end of said passage and controlling the discharge of the oil when the burner is being operated, an annular member partially closing the top of the base having flaring deflecting surfaces, an air manifold supported at one side of theJ base, said manifold being arched, and its free end being disposed above and concentric to said annular member adapted to discharge the air downwardly to mingle with the llame surrounding said mixing member, said manifold being formed with flaring walls arranged concentric to and spaced from the flared walls of the annular member for providing a discharge opening encircling said free end and preheating the air owing through the manifold.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

DOMINICK oAswELL. 

